παρτε και αυτο...

Prostitutes, prostitution and STD/HIV transmission in Mainland China

Vincent E. Gila, Marco S. Wangb, *, Allen F. Andersonc, Guo Matthew Lind and Zongjian Oliver Wue

a Department of Anthropology-Sociology, Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Southern California College, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1628, U.S.A.

b Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Royal Newcastle Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2300, Australia

c Department of Criminal Justice, Mount Mercy College, Cedar Rapids, IA, U.S.A.

d Medical Languages Department, Shanghai Railway Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

e Sex Research Institute, Department of Sociology, Ren Min, Da Xue (People's University), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Available online 26 February 1999.

Abstract
China's opening to the world has enabled massive social and economic transformations and the liberalization of many policies, but also the rise of coincident social problems and diseases. A revival of wide-scale female prostitution since the 1980s has now accelerated to a nationwide dilemma. Prostitutes have long been considered to be reservoirs, if not ‘vectors’ for the transmission of sexual diseases. A well established STD epidemic in the last decade, plus the presence of growing HIV infections in China now, underscore the need to evaluate the prostitute's role in STD and HIV propagation. This report examines unobtrusive data on female prostitutes in the People's Republic of China through an analysis of prison records from ei ght sexually segregated prisons (six in Sichuan Province and two in Guizhou Province), two female re-education institutions, and arrest records for convicted prostitutes from four counties in Sichuan Province and Chengdu City (also in Sichuan). Collectively, these data represent 2057 female prostitution cases, and span the years 1988–1990. Demographics are examined to enable a profile of the prostitute as based on data reviewed, and this is contrasted to the stereotype of the prostitute as described in government propaganda against prostitution. STD prevalence rates in the samples are examined and contrasted to two other studies on STDs in nonprostitution populations made available to the authors. Prostitute arrest records reveal a majority had active STD infection at the time of their apprehension, with gonorrhea being the most common bacterium; in many instances, prostitutes also had a history of other sexually transmitted diseases. Thus, data examined support the notion of prostitution as an agent in STD transmission. Presence of HIV infection in prostitutes could not be corroborated through sampled records, nor could prostitution itself be confirmed as an agent in HIV transmission at present. However, given the type of clients serviced by prostitutes in China, a prostitute's own risk of HIV infection is discussed. Control measures by the Chinese government to curb prostitution are examined at both national and provincial levels. Questions are raised as to the effectiveness of present tactics as adjunctive strategies in reducing STD infection and HIV risk in the prostitution population.

http://www.stdjournal.com/pt/re/std/ful ... 29!8091!-1

Chinese Prostitutes Raise AIDS Risk

September 7, 2006

Police who use condoms as an excuse to arrest Chinese prostitutes who flock to Hong Kong in large numbers risk fueling a rise in STDs including HIV/AIDS, social workers warned. Sex workers in Hong Kong are frequently questioned by police, searched, detained and expelled if condoms are found on them, groups that counsel prostitutes reported. This is prompting many sex workers from mainland China to not carry condoms for fear they will be caught, they said.

Condoms are legal in Hong Kong and laws there do not empower police to detain anyone found with prophylactics on their person. Prostitution is legal; however, foreigners violate the conditions of their stay in Hong Kong if they are caught working.

"Police must stop using condoms as an excuse to arrest women because this makes women vulnerable to disease," said Elaine Lam of Ziteng, a commercial sex worker group. "The government is contradicting itself. Although the Health Department is promoting condom use, the police [are] using it to prosecute sex workers," added Loretta Wong of AIDS Concern.

According to UNAIDS, some 650,000 people in mainland China have HIV/AIDS, but only 32,500 are classified as female sex workers. Social workers who work with prostitutes say this figure is a gross underestimation. Ziteng estimates there are 300,000 prostitutes in Hong Kong at any given time, half of whom are mainland Chinese.

Ziteng offers sex workers free health screenings, and in 2005 seven of 58 women tested were positive for sexually transmitted human papillomavirus. Six of the seven women were mainland Chinese.

Lam noted that many of these women are traveling further in a desperate attempt to earn money. "We see them going everywhere after transiting in Hong Kong," she said. "Malaysia, Singapore, Italy, Japan, Australia, Taiwan," Lam added.

...οπως καταλαβαινετε εχουμε γεμισει σκαρτα κινεζικα προιοντα επιζημια για την υγεια ...απο ρουχα ,ξυριστικες μηχανες ,αμαξια...και ΠΟΡΝΕΣ

ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ

Αυτο ειναι για ολη την Ασια, και ιδως χωρες σαν την Ταιλανδη που εχουν οργανομενο εμποριο σεχ.

Αυτο ειναι για ολη την Ασια, και ιδως χωρες σαν την Ταιλανδη που εχουν οργανομενο εμποριο σεχ.

το ξερω luc απλως εγω το ξεκινησα με τις Κινεζες,και μαζευτηκαν μολυσμενες Γιαπωνεζες,Ταυλανδες,Βιετναμεζες,και ολο το κιτρινιαρικο σχιστοματικο πουταναριο...

συνεχιζω...

AIDS in Asia.

by Bimal Kanti Paul

In the mid-1980s, when AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was well established in North America and Africa, it was little known in Asia. Now the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that before 2000 most new cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, which causes AIDS, will occur in Asia (Mann 1992, 4; World Bank 1993, 33). Worldwide the number of HIV-infected persons will increase from nine million in 1990 to twenty-six million by 2000 (World Bank 1993, 99). During that period the number of infected people in south, east, and southeastern Asia will rise from fewer than half a million to nine million, which means that an additional 8.6 million cases will be recorded for Asia by the end of the twentieth century. The corresponding tally for Africa is 6.2 million (World Bank 1993, 33). The Global AIDS Policy Coalition asserts that by 2000 Asia will overtake Africa as the most Aids-afflicted continent (Mann 1992).

HIV is transmitted primarily by three methods: sexual intercourse; intravenous exposure to HIV-infected blood through transmission, donated organs, and drug use; and vertical transmission from mother to child (Over and Piot 1993, 460). The patterns and prevalence of these three modes of transmitting HIV vary geographically. On the bases of data from the period when the virus began to spread significantly, the prevalence of each mode, and its specific mechanisms, WHO distinguishes three epidemiological patterns of HIV infection (Mosley and Cowley 1991, 20)....

το ξερω luc απλως εγω το ξεκινησα με τις Κινεζες,και μαζευτηκαν μολυσμενες Γιαπωνεζες,Ταυλανδες,Βιετναμεζες,και ολο το κιτρινιαρικο σχιστοματικο πουταναριο...

συνεχιζω...

AIDS in Asia.

by Bimal Kanti Paul

In the mid-1980s, when AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was well established in North America and Africa, it was little known in Asia. Now the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that before 2000 most new cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, which causes AIDS, will occur in Asia (Mann 1992, 4; World Bank 1993, 33). Worldwide the number of HIV-infected persons will increase from nine million in 1990 to twenty-six million by 2000 (World Bank 1993, 99). During that period the number of infected people in south, east, and southeastern Asia will rise from fewer than half a million to nine million, which means that an additional 8.6 million cases will be recorded for Asia by the end of the twentieth century. The corresponding tally for Africa is 6.2 million (World Bank 1993, 33). The Global AIDS Policy Coalition asserts that by 2000 Asia will overtake Africa as the most Aids-afflicted continent (Mann 1992).

HIV is transmitted primarily by three methods: sexual intercourse; intravenous exposure to HIV-infected blood through transmission, donated organs, and drug use; and vertical transmission from mother to child (Over and Piot 1993, 460). The patterns and prevalence of these three modes of transmitting HIV vary geographically. On the bases of data from the period when the virus began to spread significantly, the prevalence of each mode, and its specific mechanisms, WHO distinguishes three epidemiological patterns of HIV infection (Mosley and Cowley 1991, 20)....

Πολυ επιστημονικα μας τα γραφης Bilk

Bill πρέπει να δεις την ταινία "το σεξ και ο αυτοκρατορας".

Πάντως αποκλείεται αντίστοιχες μελέτες να μη δείχνουν ανάλογες ασθένειες και στην Ανατολική Ευρώπη, αφήνουμε δε τις μελέτες σύμφωνα με τις οποίες οι Αμερικάνες είναι γεμάτες HSV1&2 και HPV.

Πρόσεξε όμως το σημείο αυτό: "The Global AIDS Policy Coalition asserts that by 2000 Asia will overtake Africa as the most Aids-afflicted continent (Mann 1992)." Έχουν περάσει αρκετά χρόνια από τότε, άραγε επαληθεύτηκε η πρόβλεψη;

Η πρόβλεψη έχει όντως επαληθευθεί λόγω του υπερπληθυσμού και του αριθμού των γεννήσεων.Απλώς σήμερα το ποσοστό θνησιμότητας είναι μεγαλύτερο στις αφρικανικές χώρες και αυτό γιατί ήταν χρονικά οι πρώτες που μολύνθηκαν και οι συνθήκες υγιεινής παραμένουν ανύπαρκτες.Σε λίγα χρόνια,όχι πολλά τα ποσοστά θνησιμότητας στην Ασία θα είναι πολύ μεγαλύτερα από αυτά της Αφρικής.Στην Ευρώπη η Μολδαβία και η Ουκρανία είναι πρώτες με μεγάλη διαφορά σε μολύνσεις.

...παιδες ειλικρινα δεν ξερω τι συμβαινει ακριβως με το AIDS και τις επιδημιολογικες μελετες που το περιβαλλουν ,ισως να παιζουν συμφεροντα φαρμακοβιομηχανιων της ταξης των δις ευρω(απο εμβολια,χημειοθεραπειες,κα) ...ισως να ειναι θεμα προπαγανδας που στοχευει στη σεξουαλικη ηθικη,οπως συνεβαινε εξ απ'ανεκαθεν με διαφορες μορφες ανα τους αιωνες,ισως πραγματι να υπαρχει ενα αυξημενο ποσοστο μολυσμενων αναμεσα στους πληθυσμους αυτους...

...υπενθυμιζω οτι ο HIV μεταδιδεται με το αιμα και το σπερμα,συνεπως αντρας με ετεροφυλη σεξουαλικη επαφη (προστατευμενη για να αποκλεισουμε και την μεταδοση εξ αιματος...) ΔΕΝ κολλαει ,εχω ανεβασει τα καταλληλα links στο αλλο thread να μην τα επαναλαμβανουμε...

...σκοπος μου ειναι να πω οτι : Ρε παιδια μη γαματε μαυρες και κινεζες ενας Θεος ξερει τι μικροβια κουβαλανε απο τις ηπειρους που ερχονται...εξαλου ακομα και ενας ελαφρομυαλος θα πονηρευοταν για το τι σκατα κανει Ασιατισα πουτανα στην Ελλαδα...ηρθε απο την αλλη ακρη του κοσμου επειδη ηταν Φιλλελην η θελαν να ξεφορτωσουν στο Grecia...ενα σκαρτο πραμα. Το ιδιο και τις μαυρες ρε παιδια προσοχη δεν παιζουμε με τετοια πραγματα...Σκεφτειτε και με το πανω κεφαλι...

Κάνουν στην Ελλάδα ότι και οι Ελληνίδες πουτάνες σε άλλες χώρες